Iran’s currency continued its steep decline this week, with the rial trading as weak as 1.42 million to the U.S. dollar before recovering slightly to around 1.38 million. The collapse erased household savings and pushed prices higher across essential goods.
Inflation reached 42.2% year over year in December, while food prices surged 72% and health-related costs climbed 50%. These figures intensified public frustration and raised fears of hyperinflation. How long can families absorb such pressure?
Protests Spread as Economic Anger Boils Over
Demonstrations erupted Sunday and expanded rapidly across Tehran and other major cities. Shopkeepers near Tehran’s Grand Bazaar closed stores and gathered in protest, echoing scenes associated with pivotal moments in Iran’s modern history. Online videos showed crowds chanting against the ruling clerical establishment, though authorities disputed timelines around the footage.
President Masoud Pezeshkian acknowledged the unrest and urged officials to address what he described as legitimate economic demands. He instructed the interior minister to engage directly with protest representatives.
Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf also called for urgent measures to protect purchasing power, while accusing foreign adversaries of exploiting the unrest. Despite these statements, security forces deployed tear gas in some areas, according to state-linked media imagery.
Stablecoin Usage Rises as Rial Trust Erodes
As the rial lost value, many Iranians increasingly turned toward cryptocurrencies and stablecoins to preserve purchasing power. Blockchain analysts have long tracked this trend in sanctioned economies, where access to traditional banking remains limited. Stablecoins pegged to the dollar offer a practical hedge against local currency instability, especially during rapid devaluation cycles.
This shift aligned with Iran’s broader engagement with digital assets. Earlier disclosures confirmed that Iran’s Ministry of Defense Export Center accepts cryptocurrency payments for overseas arms sales, aiming to bypass sanctions. Chainalysis previously reported that sanctioned countries received nearly $16 billion in digital assets in a single year, underscoring how crypto infrastructure already supports cross-border transactions under pressure.
Leadership Changes and Sanctions Add Pressure
The economic crisis prompted swift institutional fallout. Central bank governor Mohammad Reza Farzin resigned on Monday, according to state media. The leadership change followed months of criticism over currency management and inflation control. Meanwhile, renewed United Nations sanctions in 2025, tied to Iran’s nuclear program, further restricted access to global markets and intensified capital flight.
Authorities announced temporary shutdowns across Tehran and several provinces, citing energy shortages and cold weather. These measures disrupted commerce and added strain to an already fragile economy. Can temporary closures calm markets when structural issues persist?
War Warnings Reignite Regional Tensions
Geopolitical risks resurfaced alongside economic turmoil. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu discussed the possibility of renewed strikes on Iran in 2026 during talks with U.S. President Donald Trump, according to U.S. officials. Both leaders described last year’s 12-day conflict as successful, while warning against any Iranian attempt to rebuild nuclear or missile capabilities.
Trump stated that the U.S. would act again if Iran moved to restore its nuclear program, though he also signaled interest in a negotiated deal. Iranian officials responded sharply, with President Pezeshkian promising a harsh response to aggression and Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi urging renewed diplomacy. Analysts warned that miscalculation now poses the greatest risk, as military exercises and intelligence alerts raise tensions on all sides.
As Iran grapples with currency collapse, rising crypto reliance, and renewed conflict threats, the convergence of economic and geopolitical stress leaves little room for error. The coming weeks may prove decisive.
